Chicago’s Mayor Daley declared that the city will be the “greenest city in the world.” This is no small feat. One tool towards achieving this goal is a new green permit program, which offers expedited building permits for buildings with environmental features. The building permit process is shortened to 15-30 business days, with preference given to projects with more extensive green features. Some buildings may qualify for a waiver of consultant code review fees, saving tens of thousands of dollars. Some of the features that are rewarded include:

Green Roofs
These living roofs reduce strain on the wastewater systems, while reducing the energy use of the building due to insulative properties.

Renewable Energy
Wind, solar electricity, solar thermal, biomass, and geothermal are energy sources that replenish themselves over time, unlike fossil fuels.

Affordable Housing
To help increase the housing options available to Chicagoans, affordable housing as determined by the Chicago Department of Housing standards is encouraged.

Combined Heat and Electric Generation On-site
These systems are more efficient for larger buildings because the generation of electricity typically produces heat as a byproduct that is frequently wasted.

Accessibility
This criteria increases the accessibility of buildings to people with physical disabilities.

Transportation oriented development & access to public transportation
In an effort to create vibrant communities, mixed use developments, proximity to public transportation, and developing previously undesirable areas is encouraged.

Exceptional Water Management
Water efficiency or innovative storm water management can improve water quality, protect ecosystems, and reduce energy use.

The green permit program can serve as an enticing opportunity, especially for developers, who will not benefit from the lower operating costs or higher occupancy after they no longer own the building. Combined heat and electric generation, green roofs, renewable energy can pay for themselves in energy savings over time, but come with a large upfront price tag. Accessibility, proximity to public transportation and affordability can help increase the occupancy of the building down the road, but may not offer short-term financial benefits.

Longer wait times to begin construction for building permits can increase construction costs, while giving a green light for projects with environmental and social features will make the future of green building in Chicago more lucrative.

Chicago is bracing itself for November 4th, the day when significant cuts will take effect for the Chicago Transit Authority. Thirty nine bus routes will be cut, fares will be raised to as much as $3, and roughly 600 workers will be laid off. This will be an opportunity to examine just what service public transportation provides.

Chicago Mayor Richard Daley certainly appreciates the importance of mass transit. "To me, it’s pretty clear," Daley said earlier this week. "Either (the General Assembly and the Governor) support public transit or they don’t. This is do or die time." He is calling for long-term solutions to the budget shortfalls that have plagued the CTA.

The Chicago Police Department is working with schools to mitigate potential safety problems that are likely to arise. The police presence will be increased in the 50 schools that will be most effected by the CTA cuts. Longer waits at bus stops and students crossing into gang territories to find new ways home are the source of safety concerns.

The CTA cuts can have significant effects on the accessibility of a college education as well according to a recent survey conducted by the City Colleges of Chicago. The study found out that more than 41,000 students use the CTA to get to school, and many of them don’t have access to another mode of transportation. 14,000 students said they’d have to drop out of City Colleges if the CTA cuts go through and another 11,000 would reduce their coursework or postpone it. Similar problems will likely exist with job opportunities as well. This highlights how significant the social and economic impacts of such cuts may be, particularly on people who do not own cars.

Chicago air quality is likely to decline if more people rely on personal vehicles for transportation. Chicago already ranks #11 for particle pollution and #23 for smog when compared to other major US cities. The CTA has a significant impact on air pollution, traffic congestion, and gasoline consumption. A study conducted by the American Public Transportation Association in January estimates that public transportation reduces American consumption of gasoline by 1.4 billion gallons annually.

With a population of 3 million within the city limits, the CTA rail system provided 159.3 million rides in 2006, which was the highest it has been since 1969. Meanwhile, 298.4 million rides were provided through the CTA bus service in 2006. The CTA anticipates loosing 250,000 rides daily due to service cuts and price increases. It is event certainly highlights the benefits of effective public transportation systems.

What do mercury, cyanide, lead, ammonia, and benzo(a)pyrene have in common? These make up the 1.7 million pounds of pollutants that were dumped by U.S. Steel into Lake Michigan (via the Grand Calumet River) in 2005. A water discharge permit was recently proposed that may reduce or eliminate limits on heavy metals and toxic chemicals discharged by U.S. Steel into the Grand Calumet River, which flows into Lake Michigan.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has raised numerous objections to the permit, which was blocked on October 1. One concern is that the permit may not sufficiently limit chromium, cadmium, silver, cyanide and other chemicals to meet water quality standards for Indiana.

This is the second uproar in recent months about pollutants in Lake Michigan after BP was issued a permit for its $3 billion expansion of the Whitting, IN refinery. This expansion would allow the refinery to handle large quantities of Alberta Tar Sands crude, and comes with a high environmental price tag for Lake Michigan, such as a 54% increase in ammonia and 35% increase in sludge particles being released. This permit was the first to be issued in years that would increase the amount of pollution that a company is allowed to emit into Lake Michigan by finding a loophole in the Clean Water Act.

Chicagoans were particularly alarmed by these plans because their drinking water intake is located just a few miles from the Whiting refinery discharge. Many area residents responded by signing petitions, participating in demonstrations and a boycotting BP products. The message was heard loud and clear. The company later announced that it would not increase discharge into the lake, and would investigate pollution control technologies.

Despite this announcement, the permit remains on the books and could set a lower standard for future discharge permits. This series of events does, however, demonstrate the influence that private citizens and politicians can have over the actions of corporations when government standards seem to be satisfactory. Recent threats to the water quality of Lake Michigan serve as a reminder of the importance of the lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in the United States.

Chicago Tribune: Indiana Giving Lake Polluter a Break

Also on GO:

Eco-Effective Decisions: Stick to the Claims in Your Ad Campaign. Who’s Not? British Petroleum & the EPA.

Remember the hip-hop song, “It’s Getting Hot in Herre”? This line sums up the heat island effect, which can make city dwellers bake with urban temperatures up to 10 degrees warmer than in rural areas. Some of the culprits are dark surfaces such as rooftops and pavement and stormwater systems.

For the same reason that sweating on a hot day cools us down, evaporation helps keep air temperatures cool as well. Stormwater systems however allow much less water to seep into soil than in rural areas. In cities, most rain water is funneled from rooftops, lawns,and pavement via drainage systems. A heat island map has been created for Chicago and the most severe areas correspond with the areas that have the fewest trees. These are being more heavily targeted.

Why are Nelly and the City of Chicago so concerned about the heat? The
most tragic reason is that heat waves kill and the heat island effect can contribute to the severity of these heat waves. The Chicago heat wave of 1995 for example killed 739 people in one week. More recently, the Chicago Marathon was called off earlier this month for the first time in its 30 year history due to heat. It is a daunting thought that there are more deaths due to heat in recent years than hurricanes, earthquakes, and lightning combined. In addition, the heat island effect is causing increased electric use from air conditioning due to elevated temperatures.

Unlike the song suggests, the best remedies probably don’t include taking off all our clothes. The City of Chicago created a plan to address the heat island effect, which includes replacing dark-colored surfaces with light-colored reflective surfaces, planting trees, green roofs, rain barrels and increasing impervious surfaces. Over 500,000 trees have been planted, many by local non-profit agencies. Chicago benefits from over 3.5 million square feet of green roofs either constructed or in the works. Instead of getting hot and bothered by the heat island effect, Chicago is taking actions to remedy it.

Editor’s note: We’re pleased to welcome Sarah Lozanova to the Green Options writing team. A native of Chicago, Sarah holds an MBA in Sustainable Management from the Presidio School of Management, and also writes for Worldchanging Chicago. Along with fellow Windy City resident Jason Phillip, she’ll be covering green issues in Chicago, as well as the broader Midwest.

The average bite of food on our dinner plates tonight has traveled more than 1500 miles from where it was cultivated. This was not true, however, from September 10-16 for participants of the Chicago-based Localvore Challenge, who only ate foods grown in their region. The event sponsor, the Green City Market, created a list of restaurants that serve meals that are localvore-friendly and a blog site for support from fellow localvores. In addition to reducing their carbon footprint, many participants likely gained awareness of where their food comes from. Such a challenge did limit the food choices that were available to them, as they were not able to snack on mangos and sip on Chilean wine.

The United States imports food from more than 130 countries. The quantity of food has been increasing annually by about 15% since 1991, according to the FDA. Even though Illinois is covered largely by farms, it is estimated that the state imports more than 90% of its food. Corn and soybeans are the most widely grown crops in the state, but the majority of these harvests are not consumed by humans. For example, more than 80% of the corn grown in this country is used for cattle feed, while 1/6 of Illinois corn is utilized for ethanol production. Roughly 80% of the corn and soybeans grown in Illinois are genetically modified. Illinois is built on fertile farmland that is among the richest in the world thanks to glaciers, yet this natural resource is increasingly being developed and covered by concrete. Unfortunately, the rich Illinois soils rarely benefit the inhabitants of Illinois directly, as little of their food is cultivated here.

The demand for local foods in Illinois has grown considerably, and some are saying it is greater than the supply. As the price of fossil fuels increase, this trend may shift. In the meantime, some are voluntarily taking on the challenge of eating local foods. This is a concrete way to influence land use and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, while strengthening the local economy.